Study Set Content:
% of water in plasma
5-8 %
% of water in transcellular fluids – CSF, intraocular fluids, serous membranes,
GIT, respiratory and urinary tracts
1-2 %
Substance when dissolved in solution separates into ions & is able to carry an
electrical current
ELECTROLYTES
positively charged electrolyte
Cation
negatively charged electrolyte
Anion
top 3 intracellular
K, Mg, P
top 3 Extracellular:
Na, Cl, HCO3
Amount of potassium in the body determines the volume of intracellular
fluid as the chief intracellular cation
(potassium)
Amount of sodium in the body determines the volume of extracellular fluid
as the chief extracellular cation
(sodium)
imbalance of electrolytes, primary concern is
the concentration of various ions and the interrelation of positively and
negatively charged ions with one another than the actual number
electrolyte disturbances:
most common
- inadequate intake of water
- diarrhea or vomiting
- Excess H2O loss, comatose or debilitated patients; excess water loss
Dehydration
less common
- Excessive fluid intake when renal function is impaired, renal disease; Kidney
impairment
- excessive administration of Intravenous fluids (IV fluids)
- Conditions that produce water imbalance also disturb electrolyte composition;
water imbalance
- Most result from depletion of body electrolytes
Over-hydration
Vomiting or diarrhea: Na and K depletion (sodium and potassium depletion)
- Excessive use of diuretics (causes frequent urination)
- Excessive diuresis in diabetic acidosis
- Renal tubular disease
Depletion of electrolytes
most abundant electrolyte in the body, chem. and osmotic
gradient, osmosis, heart function and cell membrane
Na+ or sodium ion
essential for normal membrane excitability for nerve impulse
K+ potassium ion
regulates osmotic pressure and assists in regulating acid -
base balance
Cl- chlorine ion
usually combined with phosphorous to form the mineral
salts of bones and teeth, promotes nerve impulse and muscle
contraction/relaxation.
Ca2+ Calcium ion
plays role in carbohydrate and protein metabolism,
storage and use of intracellular energy and neural transmission. Important in the
functioning of the heart, nerves, and muscles.
Mg2+ Magnesium ion
Regulated by the kidneys
- Influenced by the hormone aldosterone
- Sodium Na is responsible for water retention and serum osmolarity level
- Chloride ion frequently appears with the sodium ion
o Normal sodium = 135-145 mEq/L
o Chloride 95-108 mEq/L
- Sodium and Chloride are concentrated in extracellular fluid
SODIUM/CHLORIDE IMBALANCE
hormone that influence of sodium and chloride imbalance
aldosterone
