Study Set Content:
Respiratory effect: (blank) through activation of B, receptors.
bronchodilation
Metabolic: ()glycogenolysis & release of () & a () in release of insulin results in hyperglycemia.
increased, glucagon, decrease
EPINEPHRINE
Uses:
• Bronchospasm secondary to acute asthma or anaphylactic shock.
• Anaphylaxis & cardiac arrest - to increase cardiac electrical activity.
• Used in conjunction with local anesthetics to prolong effects via vasoconstriction.
• Used to achieve hemostasis
Adverse effects:
➢ Cardiac arrythmias, dizziness, anxiety, H/A, tremor
➢ HPN. MI due to increased cardiac work
➢ Palpitations, pulmonary edema
when epinephrine is administered alone, it will cause an increase in systemic blood pressure because of its a- activity.
"epinephrine reversal"
when given in conjunction with an a-blocker such as ____, epinephrine will
cause a decrease in blood pressure because of its ß, activity.
phenoxybenzamine
is a prodrug that is enzymatically hydrolyzed to desglymidodrine, a selective a 1-receptor agonist.
Midodrine
The peak concentration of desglymidodrine is achieved about ____after midodrine is administered.
1 hour
The primary indication for midodrine is the treatment of ____, typically due to impaired autonomic nervous system function.
orthostatic hypotension
Although the drug has efficacy in diminishing the fall of blood pressure when the patient is standing, it may cause hypertension when the subject is
supine.
Alpha 2 - selective agonists have an important ability to decrease blood pressure. through actions in the central nervous system even though direct application to a blood vessel may cause
vasoconstriction.
Such drugs eg.clonidine, methyldopa, guanfacine, guanabenz are useful in the treatment of
hypertension
is a recognized side effect of these drug.
Sedation
primary indication is for sedation of initially intubated and mechanically ventilated patients during treatment in an intensive care setting. It also reduces the requirements for oploids in pain control.
Dexmedetomidine
is used as a central muscle relaxant.
Tizanidine
and oxymetazoline are direct-acting a agonists.
Xylometazoline
These drugs have been used as topical decongestants because of their ability to promote constriction of the nasal mucosa.
Xylometazoline, oxymetazoline
When taken in large doses,____ may cause hypotension, presumably because of a central clonidine-like effect.
oxymetazoline
is a very potent β-receptor agonist and has little effect on α receptors.
Isoproterenol (Isoproneline
The drug has positive
chronotropic and atrophicactions
