Study Set Content:
Each of these drugs possesses a nitrogen-carbonsulfur moiety, and a complex may result from the transfer of charge from the pair of free electrons on the nitrogen and/or sulfur atoms of these drugs to the antibonding orbital of the
iodine atom
Caffeine forms complexes with organic acid anions that are more soluble than the
pure xanthine,
Caffeine forms complexes with organic acid anions that are more soluble than the pure xanthine, but the complexes formed with organic acids, such as
gentisic acid,
Caffeine forms complexes with organic acid anions that are more soluble than the pure xanthine, but the complexes formed with organic acids, such as gentisic acid, are (blank) than the caffeine alone.
less soluble
Such (blank) provide caffeine in a form that masks its normally bitter taste and should serve as a suitable state for chewable tablets
insoluble complexes
✓ Chewable tablets formulated from these complexes should provide an (blank) of the drug
extended-release form
✓ Chewable tablets formulated from these complexes should provide an extended-release form of the drug with
improved taste.
✓ Complexation between drug and complexing agents can (blank) drug absorption and bioavailability.
improve or impair
containing nucleophilic oxygens can form complexes with various drugs
POLYMER COMPLEXE
example of POLYMER COMPLEXE
Polyethylene glycols, polystyrene, carboxymethylcellulose
The incompatibilities of certain polyethers, such as the carbowaxes, pluronics and tweens with tannic acid, salicylic acid, and phenol can be attributed to these
interactions
The incompatibility may be manifested as a:
Precipitate
➢ Flocculate
➢ delayed biologic absorption
➢ Loss of preservative action
➢ other undesirable physical, chemical, and pharmacologic effects.
A cross-linked Insoluble PVP, is able to bind drugs owing to its dipolar character and porous structure.
CROSSPOVIDONE
studied the interaction of crospovidone with acetaminophen, benzocaine, benzoic acid, caffeine, tannic acid, and papaverine HCI, among other drugs. The interaction is mainly due to any phenolic groups of the drug.
Fromming et al.
A disintegrant in pharmaceutical granules and tablets. It does not interfere with gastrointestinal absorption because the binding to drugs is reversible.
CROSSPOVIDONE
(blank) are used to modify biopharmaceutical parameters of drugs
Polymer-drug complexes
results more from the architecture of molecules than from their chemical affinity. One of the constituents of the complex is trapped in the open lattice or cage-like crystal structure of the other to yield a stable arrangement
INCLUSION COMPOUNDS
can form a group of complexes principally involving deoxycholic acid in combination with paraffins, organic acids, esters, ketones, and aromatic compounds and with solvent such as ether, ether, alcohol, and dioxane
cholic acids (bile acids)
The crystals of (blank) are arranged to form a channel into which the complexing molecule can fit
deoxycholic acid
also crystallize in a channel-like structure permitting enclosure of unbranched paraffins, alcohols, ketones, organic acids, and other compounds.
Urea and nitrogen
