Study Set Content:
They are collectively called nucleons
The protons and neutrons
orbit around the nucleus they dictate the size of the atomandtheyareresponsible for the formation of bond.
The electrons
Binding Forces Between Atoms
(Intramolecular)
formed through actual transfer of electrons
Ionic Bond
formed through sharing of electrons
Covalent Bond
equal sharing
. Non-polar
non-equal sharing
. Polar bond
– like/similar molecules
Cohesive force
unlike molecules
Adhesive forces
forces of attraction that binds covalent molecules
Van der Waal’s Forces
. Dipole-dipole
(Keesom Forces)
two polar molecules
Dipole-dipole
Molecules involved are polar with permanent dipoles
. Dipole-dipole
Molecules align themselves so that the opposite partial charges are near andattracteach other
Dipole-dipole
. Dipole-dipole examples
Example: H2O, HCl, Alcohol, Acetone, Phenol
Dipole-Induced dipole
(Debye Forces)
– attractive force between a polar and a non-polar molecule
Dipole-Induced dipole
Transient dipole induced by a permanent dipole
. Dipole-Induced dipole
Polar molecules can produce a temporary electric dipole in nonpolar molecules
Dipole-Induced dipole
Dipole-Induced dipole examples
Example: ethyl acetate, ether
