Study Set Content:
Alumina
Basic
Cellulose Powder
Neutral
Silica Gel Components to be separated
Acidic and Neutral Substances
Alumina
Basic and Neutral
Cellulose Powder
Soluble Compounds
Silica gel with average particle
size 15 micrometer containing
ca 13% calcium sulfate binding
agent
Silica Gel g
Silica gel G with fluorescence
added
Silica Gel G254
powder of less than 30
micrometer particle size.
Cellulose
Used in wide range
pharmacopoeial test
Silica Gel g
Identification of Tetracycline
Cellulose
Same application with Silica gel
G where visualization is to be
carried out under UV light
Silica Gel G254
Mobile Phase – Commonly used:
Ethyl acetate, Hexane and Volatile organic solvents.
Mainly used as solvent, developer, and as eluent.
MOBILE PHASES USED IN THE CHROMATOGRAPHY
Commonly employed mobile phases in the chromatography are as follows:
● Petroleum Ether
● Esters
● Carbon tetra chloride
● Chloroform
● Cyclohexane
● Methanol
● Ether
● Ethanol
● Acetone
● Water
● Benzene
● Toluene
It keeps the dust particles out of the process and prevents solvent from
evaporating. () and () is one of the factors that needs to be considered.
TLC CHAMBER, Humidity and Temperature
APPLICATIONS: TLC
● Used in the determination of the impurities from which the purity of the compounds is determined.
● Used in the identification of the compounds: Stramonium
● Lead constituents are identified
● Steroids are identified
● Phenothiazines are identified
● Used in the determination of analgesics
● Example: Paracetamol and analgen
● Used in the determination of biologically active substances.
● Used in the determination of preservatives, oxidants, surfactants, and fixed oils.
● Used in the determination of pesticides in the water.
● Used in the determination of inorganic ions
● Used in the determination of the reaction rate.
● Used in the determination of amino acids and peptides.
● Used in the analysis of the ink.
is an analytical technique used to separate and detect the chemical
components of a sample mixture to determine their presence or absence and/or quantities.
Gas Chromatography
Gas Chromatography These chemical components are usually
organic molecules or gases.
a term used to describe the group of analytical separation techniques used to analyze volatile
substances in the gas phase.
Gas Chromatography
one of the sole forms of chromatography that does not utilize the mobile phase for interacting
with the analyte.
Gas Chromatography
