Study Set Content:
What is this drug's mechanism of action?
It blocks serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT)) uptake
What are the central physiologic actions of PCP? - PCP causes a () involving distortion of time, space, and body image.
schizophrenia-like psychosis
Extremely high doses can cause
seizures and coma
What are the peripheral physiologic effects of PCP?
Increased blood pressure and heart rate, Limb numbness, Ataxia Hypersalivation, and Nystagmus
Addiction to() exceeds all other forms of addiction, touching more than 50% of all adults in some countries. • () exposure occurs primarily through smoking of tobacco, which causes associated diseases that are responsible for many preventable deaths.
Nicotine
The chronic use of () is also addictive.
chewing tobacco and snuff tobacco
Nicotine is a selective agonist of the ()that is normally activated by acetylcholine
nicotinic acetylcholinereceptor (nAChR)
Nicotine withdrawal is () compared with opioid withdrawal and involves irritability and sleep problems.
mild
() is among the most addictive drugs (relative risk 4), and relapse after attempted cessation is very common.
Nicotine
Treatments for nicotine addiction include () itself in forms that are slowly absorbed and several other drugs
nicotine
Nicotine that is () delivered can be substituted for the nicotine in cigarettes, thus slowing the pharmacokinetics and eliminating the many complications associated with the toxic substances found in tobacco smoke
chewed, inhaled, or transdermally
The plant extract () and its synthetic derivative (), both work by occupying nAChRs on dopamine neurons of the VTA, thus preventing nicotine from exerting its action.
cytisine,varenicline
may impair the capacity to drive and has been associated with suicidal ideation.
Varenicline
The antidepressant () is approved for nicotine cessation therapy.
bupropion
Prescribed as anxiolytics and sleep medications. They represent a moderate risk for abuse, which has to be weighed against their beneficial effects.
BENZODIAZEPINES
are abused by some persons for their euphoriant effects, but most often abuse occurs concomitant with other drugs, eg, to attenuate anxiety during withdrawal from opioids.
BENZODIAZEPINES
which preceded benzodiazepines as the most commonly abused sedative hypnotics (after ethanol), are now rarely prescribed to outpatients.
Barbiturates,
Benzodiazepine dependence is very common, and diagnosis of addiction probably often missed. Withdrawal from benzodiazepines occurs within days of () the medication.
stopping
Symptoms include
irritability, insomnia, phonophobia and photophobia, depression, muscle cramps, and even seizures
Typically, these symptoms taper off within 1-2 weeks. Benzodiazepines are positive modulators of the
GABA A receptor.
