Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) which is accepted by medical schools in US, Australia, Canada and Carribean Islands for making admission decision.The test assesses candidates critical analysis and reasoning skills, biological and biochemical foundations of living systems, psychological, social and biological foundations of behaviour and chemical and physical foundations of biological systems.
In this collection there will be many samples to practice this test
It will be so important to Medical students who wants to prepare for this test
Passage for Question 10 to 15
How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems ? This is one of the most critical yet
contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of har-
ship. Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930's when
most of the unemployed were primary bread-winners, when income and earnings were usually much
closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those
failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner,
the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social
welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and
income data also overstate the dimensions of hard-ship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or
below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple-earner, relatively affluent
families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family
responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an
accurate indicator of labor market pathologies. Yet there are also many ways our social statistics
underestimate the degree of labour-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the
millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low
wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for
self-support. Since the number experiencing job-lessness at some time during the year is several
times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer s a result of forced idleness can equal
or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month
really suffer. For every person counted in the month unemployment tallies, there is another working
part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a
job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and
dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in
kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately
protected. As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously
as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and
hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and
economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate-that the existing poverty,
employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring
the consequences of labor market problems.
Question 10
The author contrasts the 1930's with the present in order to show that
A. more people were unemployed in the 1930's
B. unemployment now has less severe effects
C. social programs are more needed now
D. there now is a greater proportion of elderly and handicapped people among those in poverty
E. poverty has increased since the 1930's
Correct Answer : B
Question 11
Which of the following proposals best responds to the issues raised by the author ?
A. Innovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of
unemployment.
B. A compromise should be found between the positions of those who view joblessness as an
evil greater than economic control and those who hold the opposite view.
C. New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment
and inadequately paid employment cause suffering.
D. Consideration showed be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes of the
phenomena that they purport to measure.
E. The labor force should be restructured so that it corresponds to the range of job vacancies.
Correct Answer : C
Question 12
The author's purpose in citing those who are repeatedly unemployed during a twelve-month
period is most probably to show that
A. there are several factors that cause the payment of low wags to some members of the labor
force
B. unemployment statistics can underestimate the hardship resulting from joblessness
C. recurrent inadequacies in the labor market can exist and can cause hardships for individual
workers.
D. A majority of those who are jobless at any one time do not suffer severe hardship
E. There are fewer individuals who are without jobs at some time during a year than would be
expected on the basis of monthly unemployment figures
Correct Answer : B
Question 13
The author states that the mitigating effect of social programs involving income transfers on
the income level of low-income people is often not felt by
A. the employed poor
B. dependent children in single
– earner families
C. workers who become disabled
D. workers who become disabled
E. full-time workers who become unemployed
Correct Answer : A
Question 14
According to the passage, one factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to
overpredict the amount of economic hardship is the
A. recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workers
B. possibility that earnings may be received from more than one job per workers.
C. Fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wages and remain
poor
D. Establishment of system of record-keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statistics
E. Prevalence, among low-wage workers and the unemployed, of members of families in which
other are employed
Correct Answer : E
Question 15
The conclusion stated about the number of people who suffer as a result of forced idleness
depends primarily on the point that
A. in times of high unemployment, there are some people who do not remain unemployed for
long
B. the capacity for self-support depends on receiving moderate-to-high wages
C. those in forced idleness include, besides the unemployed, both underemployed part-time
workers and those not actively seeking work
D. at different times during the year, different people are unemployed
E. many of those who are affected by unemployment ae dependents of unemployed workers.
Correct Answer : D
Sample paper 5
Passage for Question 1 to 9
At the time Jane Austen's novels were published – between 1811 and 1818 – English literature was
not part of any academic curriculum. In addition, fiction was under strenuous attack. Certain
religious and political groups felt novels had the power to make so called immoral characters so
interesting young readers would identify with them; these groups also considered novels to be of
little practical use. Even Cole-ridge, certainly no literary reactionary, spoke for many when he
asserted that "novel-reading occasions the destruction of the mind's power. These attitudes towards
novels help explain why Ausjten received little attention from early nineteenth century literary
critics. (In any case, a novelist published anonymously, as Austin was, would not be likely to receive
much critical attention). The literary response that was accorded her, however, was often as incisive
as twentieth century criticism. In his attack in 1816 on novelistic portrayals "outside of ordinary
experience, " for example, Scott made an insightful remarks about the merits of Austen;'s fiction.
Her novels, wrote Scott, "present to the reader an accurate and exact. picture of ordinary everyday
people and places, reminiscent of seventeenth –century Flemish painting. " Scott did not use the
word "realistic probability in judging novels. The critic whitely did not use the word realism either,
but he expressed agreement with Scott's evaluation, and went on to suggest the possibilities for
moral instruction in what we have called Austen's realistic method. Her characters, wrote whitely,
are persuasive agents for moral truth since they are ordinary persons "so clearly evoked that was
feel an interest in their fate as if it were our own Moral instruction, explained Whitely, is more likely
to be effective when conveyed through recognizably human and interesting characters then when
imparted by a sermonizing narrator. Whately especially praised Austen's ability to create characters
who "mingle goodness and villainy, weakness and virtue, as in life they are always mingled. "Whately
concluded his remarks by comparing Austen's art of characterization to Sicken's, stating his
preference for Austin's. often anticipated the reservations of twentieth-century critics. An example
of such a response was Lewes' complaint in 1859 that Austen's range of subjects and characters was
too narrow. Praising her verisimilitude, Lewes added that nonetheless her focus was too often upon
only the unlofty and the common place. (Twentieth-century Marxists, on the other hand, were to
complain about what they saw as her exclusive emphasis on a lofty upper-middle class) in any case,
having been rescued by some literary critics from neglect and indeed gradually lionized by them,
Austen's steadily reached, by the mid-nineteenth century, the enviable pinnacle of being considered
controversial.
Question 1
The primary purpose of the passage is to
A.
demonstrate the nineteenth-century preference for realistic novels rather than romantic
ones.
B.
Explain why Jane Austen's novels were not included in any academic curriculum in the early
nineteenth century
C.
Urge a reassessment of Jane Austen's novels by twentieth-century literary critics
D.
Describe some of the responses of nineteenth – century critics tol Jane Austen's novels as
well as to fiction in general
E.
Argue that realistic character portrayal is the novelist's most difficult task as well as the
aspect of novel most likely to elicit critical response.
Correct Answer : D
Question 2
The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?
A.
Ws Whately aware of Scott's remarks about Jane Austen's novels?
B.
Who is an example of a twentieth-century Marxist critic?
C.
Who is an example of twentieth-century critic who admired Jane Aujsten's novels?
D.
What is the author's judgment of Dickens?
E.
Did Jane Austen's express her opinion of those nineteenth-century critics who admired her
novels.
Correct Answer : A
Question 3
The authors mentions that English literature "was not part of any academic curriculum " in the early
nineteenth century in order to
A.
emphasize the need for Jane Austen to increate ordinary, everyday character in her novels.
B.
give support to those religious and political groups that had attacked fiction
C.
give one reason why Jane Austen's novels received little critical attention in the early
nineteenth century.
D.
Suggest the superiority of an informal and unsystematized approach to the study of
literature
E.
contrast nineteenth-century attitudes towards English literature with those towards classical
literature
Correct Answer : C
Question 4
The passage supplies information to suggest that the religious and political groups mentioned and
Whately might have agreed that a novel
A.
has little practical use
B.
has the ability to influence the moral values of its readers
C.
is of most interest to readers when representing ordinary human characters.
D.
should not be read by young readers.
E.
Needs the sermonizing of a narrator in order to impart moral truths
Correct Answer : B
Question 5
The author quotes Coleridge in order to
A.
refute the literary opinions of certain religious and political groups
B.
make a case for the inferiority of novels to poetry
C.
give an example of a writer who was not a literary reactionary
D.
illustrate the early nineteenth-century belief that fiction was especially appealing to young
readers
E.
indicate how widespread was the attack on novels in the early nineteenth century
Correct Answer : E
Question 6
The passage suggests that twentieth century Marxists would have admired Jane Austen's noels more
if the novels, a he Marxists understood them, had
A.
described the values of upper-middle class society
B.
avoided moral instruction and sermonizing
C.
depicted ordinary society in a more flattering light portrayed characters from more than one
class of society
D.
portrayed characters from more than one class of society
E.
anticipated some of controversial social problems of the twentieth century.
Correct Answer : D
Question 7
It can be inferred from the passage that Whately found Dickens character to be
A.
especially interest to you readers
B.
ordinary persons in recognizably human situations
C.
less liable than Jane Aujten's characters to have a realistic mixture of moral qualities
D.
more often villainous and week than virtuous and good
E.
less susceptible than Jane Austen's characters to the m oral judgments of sermonizing
narrator.
Correct Answer : C
Question 8
According to the passage, the lack of critical attention paid to Jane Austen can be explained by all of
the following nineteenth-century attitudes towards the novel EXCEPT the
A.
assurance felt by many people that novels weakened the mind
B.
certainly shared by many political commentators that the range of novels was too narrow
C.
lack of interest shown by some critics in novels that were published anonymously
D.
fear exhibited by some religious and political groups that novels had the power to portray
immoral characters attractively
E.
belief held by some religious and political groups that novels had no practical value.
Correct Answer : B
Question 9
The author would most likely agree that which of the following ios the best measure of a writer's
literary success?
A.
Inclusion of the writer's work in an academic curriculum
B.
Publication of the writer's work in the writer's own name
C.
Existence of debate among critics about the writers work
D.
Praise of the writers work by religious and political groups
E.
Ability of the writers work to appeal to ordinary people.
Correct Answer : C
Passage for Question 10 to 15
Despite their many differences of temperament and of literary perspective, Emerson, Thoreau,
Hawthorne, Melville, and Whitman share certain beliefs. Common to all these writers is their
humanistic perspective. Its basic premises are that humans are the spiritual center of the universe
and that in them alone is the clue of the nature, history and ultimately the cosmos itself. Without
denying outright the existenced either of a deity or of brute matter, this perspective nevertheless
rejects them as exclusive principles of interpretation and prefers to explain humans and the world in
terms of humanity itself. This preference is expressed most clearly in the Transcendentalist principle
that the structure of the universe literally duplicates the structure of the individual self: therefore, all
knowledge begins with self-knowledge. This common perspective is almost always universalized. Its
emphasis is not upon the individual as a particular European or American, but upon the hyuman as
universal, freed from the accidents of time, space, birth and talent. Thus, for Emerson, the
"American Scholar turns out to be simply "Main Tinking; while, for Whitman, the "Song of Myself
merges imperceptibly into a song of all the "children of Adam:, where "every atom belonging to me
as good belongs to you. Also common to all five writers is the belief that individual virtue and
happiness depends upon the self-realization, which, in turn, depend upon the harmonious
reconciliation of two universal psychological tendencies: first, the self-asserting impulse of the
individual to withdraw; to remain unique and separate, and to be responsible only to himself or
herself, and second, the self-transcending impulse of the individual to embrace the whole world in
the experience of a single moment and to know and become one with that world. These conflicting
impulses can be seen in the democratic ethic. Democracy advocates individualism, he preservation
of the individual's free-dom and self-expression. But the democratic self is torn between the duty to
self, which is implied by the concept of liberty, and the duty to society, which is implied by the
concept of equality and fraternity. A third assumption common to the five writers is that intuition
and imagination offer a surer road to truth than does abstract logic or scientific method. It is
illustrated by their emphasis upon the introspection-their belief that the clue to external nature is to
be found in the inner world of individual psychology and by their interpretation of experience as, in
essence, symbolic. Both these stresses presume an organic relationship between the self and the
cosmos of which only intuition and imagination can properly take account. These writers' faith in the
imagination and in themselves as practitioners of imagination led them conceive of the writer as a
seer and enabled them to achieve supreme confidence in their own moral and metaphysical insights.
Question 10
The author's discussion of Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, and Whitman is primarily
concerned with explaining.
A.
some of their beliefs about the difficulties involved in self-realization
B.
some of their beliefs concerning the world and the place that humanity occupies in the
universal order
C.
some of their beliefs concerning the relationship between humanism and democracy
D.
the way some of their beliefs are shaped by differences in temperament and literary
outlook.
E.
the effects of some of their beliefs on their writings
Correct Answer : B
Question 11
According to the passage, the humanistic perspective of the five writers presupposes which of the
following?
I)The structures of the universe can be discovered through self-knowledge.
II)The world can be explained in terms of humanity
III)The spiritual and the material worlds are incompatible
A.
I only
B.
II only
C.
I and II only
D.
II and III only
E.
I, II and III
Correct Answer : C
Question 12
The authors quotes Whiteman primarily in order to
A.
show that the poet not agree with Emerson
B.
indicate the way the poet uses the humanists ideal to praise himself
C.
suggest that the poet adapts the basis premises of humanism to his own individual outlook
on the world
D.
illustrate a way the poet expresses the relationship of the individual to the humanistic
universe
E.
demonstrate that the poet is concerned with the well being of all humans
Correct Answer : D
Question 13
According to the passage, the five writers objects to the scientific method primarily because they
think it
A.
is not the best way to obtain an understanding of the relationship between the individual
and the cosmos
B.
is so specialized that it leads to an understanding of separate parts of the universe but not of
the relationships among those parts
C.
cannot provide an adequate explanation of intuition and imagination
D.
misleads people into believing they have an understanding of truth, when they do not
E.
prevents people from recognizing the symbolic nature of experience.
Correct Answer : A
Question 14
It can be inferred that intuition is important to the five writers primarily because it provides them
with
A.
information useful for understanding abstract logic and scientific method
B.
the discipline needed in the search for truth
C.
inspiration for their best writing
D.
clues to the interpretation of symbolic experience
E.
the means of resolving conflicts between the self and the world
Correct Answer : D
Question 15
The author discuses "the democratic ethic in order to
A.
explain the relationship between external experience and inner imagination
B.
support the notion that the self contains two conflicting and reconcilable factions.
C.
Illustrate the relationship between the self's desire to be individual and its desire to merge
with all other selves
D.
Elaborate on the concept that the self constantly desires to realize its potential
E.
Give an example of the idea that, in order to be happy, the self must reconcile its desires
with external reality
Correct Answer : C
Sample paper 1
Question 1
The theory which could explain the law of chemical composition is
a)
Avogadro's law
b)
Gay Lussac's law
c)
Dalton's atomic theory
d)
Antoine Lavoisier theory t
e)
None of these
Correct Answer:
c) Dalton's atomic theory
Explanation:
Dalton's atomic theory explains the law of chemical composition. Avogadro's law states that, at
same temperature and pressure, equal volume of gas contains Avogadro number of particles. Gay
Lussac's law explains about gaseous volume. Antoine Lavoisier theory explains about law of
conservation of mass.
Question 2
The rate at which a gas escapes through a pin-hole into a vacuum is called
a)
Diffusion
b)
Effusion
c)
Decomposition
d)
Displacement
e)
Evaporation
Correct Answer:
b) Effusion
Explanation:
The rate at which a gas escapes through a pinhole into a vacuum is called Effusion. Diffusion is the
rate at which two gases mix. Decomposition is breaking down of complex molecules to simple ones.
Displacement reaction is replacement of one element in a compound by other element. Evaporation
is a process where molecules get vapourised.
Question 3
Pick out the correct example for semi-conductors
a)
NaCl
b)
Si-Ge
c)
Nb3Ge alloy
d)
Sulphur compound
e)
SiO2
Correct Answer:
b) Si-Ge
Explanation:
Si-Ge is a semi conductor. Its conductivity is due to the presence of impurities in the compound. NaCl
is a conductor. Nb3Ge is a super conductor. Sulphur compound is used as rubber products, so it is an
insulator. SiO2 is sand and is also an insulator.
Question 4
Which of the following binary systems is completely miscible on raising the temperature?
a)
Phenol-H2O
b)
Aniline-Hexane
c)
H2O-Aniline
d)
Carbon disulphide-Methyl alcohol
e)
All of these
Correct Answer:
e) All of these
Explanation:
All the above binary mixtures are completely miscible on raising the temperature. The consolute
temperature for Phenol-H2O is 68.10C, for Aniline-Hexane it is 59.60C, for H2O-Aniline it is 1670C,
for Carbon disulphide-Methyl alcohol it is 40.50C. The consolute temperature is the critical
temperature below or above which a mixture is completely miscible.
Question 5
The oxidation number of a Group VIIA element in a compound is
a)
+1
b)
-1
c)
0
d)
+2
e)
Depends upon the element combined with an electronegative atom
Correct Answer:
e) Depends upon the element combined with an electronegative atom
Explanation:
The oxidation number of a Group VIIA element in a compound is -1, except when that element is
combined with one having higher electronegativity. For example, oxidation number of Cl in HCl is -1,
but the oxidation number of Cl in HOCl is +1.
Question 6
When the pressure of the system remains constant during each step of a process, such process is
said to be
a)
Isothermal process
b)
Adiabatic process
c)
Isochoric process
d)
Isobaric process
e)
None of these
Correct Answer:
d) Isobaric process
Explanation:
For an isobaric process, pressure remains constant. For an isothermal process, temperature of the
system remains constant. In an adiabatic process, no heat enters or leaves the system. In an
isochoric process, volume remains constant.
Question 7
Which is the first element in the periodic table to have '4d' electrons in its electronic
configuration?
a)
Ca
b)
Sc
c)
Rb
d)
Y
e)
La
Correct Answer
: d) Y
Explanation:
Yttrium (Y) has the first 4d electrons in its electronic configuration among the others. Its atomic
number is 39 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d1 5s2. The atomic number of calcium (Ca) is
20; its electronic configuration is [Ar] 4s2. The atomic number of strontium (Sc) is 38;its electronic
configuration is [Kr] 5s2. The atomic number of Rb is 37;its electronic configuration is [Kr] 5s1. The
atomic number of lanthanum (La) is 57;its electronic configuration is [Xe] 5d1 6s2.
Question 8
Among the following, which group of elements have the maximum ionisation energy?
a)
Alkali elements
b)
Chalcogens
c)
Halogens
d)
Noble gases
e)
Both b and c
Correct Answer:
d) Noble gases
Explanation:
Ionisation energy is the energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from an isolated
atom in the gaseous state. In a period, the value of ionisation potential increases from left to right.
Thus, noble gases have more ionisation energy than others.
Question 9
When a covalent bond breaks in such a way that the shared pair of electrons stay on any one of
the bonded atoms, such a reaction is called
a)
Decomposition reaction
b)
Homolytic fission reaction
c)
Heterolytic fission reaction
d)
Heterolytic fission reaction
e)
Thermal fission
Correct Answer:
c) Heterolytic fission reaction
Explanation:
The heterolytic reaction is also called as heterolysis. A covalent bond breaks in such a way that the
shared pair of electrons stays on any one of the bonded atoms is called the heterolysis. The atom,
which carries the unshared pair of electrons, is represented as A-: Ex:
In Homolytic fission reaction, the covalent bond
undergoes fission reaction where the shared pair of electrons is shared between each bonded atom.
Ex:
Question 10
Pick out the correct statement.
a)
Red litmus paper is used to identify acids
b)
Dry litmus paper is used to test water-soluble gas
c)
Blue litmus paper is used to identify acids
d)
Blue litmus paper is used to identify bases
e)
None of these
Correct Answer:
c) Blue litmus paper is used to identify acids
Explanation:
Blue litmus paper turns into red color when it dips in acidic solution. Red litmus paper turns into blue
color when it dips in basic solution. Wet litmus paper is used to test water-soluble gas.
Question 11
The NMR spectrum of ethylene glycol molecule will have
a)
Two singlets
b)
A triplet and a doublet
c)
Two doublets
d)
A singlet and a doublet
e)
Two triplets
Correct Answer:
a) Two singlets
Explanation:
The molecule ethylene glycol (HO-CH2CH2-OH) is a symmetric molecule. The proton in the -OH gives
one singlet peak and the proton in the methylene group of –CH2- gives another singlet peak. So, it
gives two singlet peaks only. Since it is a symmetric molecule, it does not give peak for another -
CH2OH group.
Question 12
Which of the following is a Bronsted-Lowry acid?
a)
CH2=CH2
b)
CH3NH2
c)
CH3CO2H
d)
CH3COCH3
e)
C6H10
Correct Answer
c) CH3CO2H
Explanation:
All Bronsted-Lowry acids will liberate a proton. The net charge may be zero, (+) or (-). In the above-
mentioned options, acetic acid (CH3CO2H) is the only molecule, which liberates a proton and acts as
a proton donor.
Question 13
Choose the correct phrase(s) for the following half-cell reactionCu
2+
(aq)
+ 2e
-
→Cu+
(aq)
I. It is a reduction reaction.
II. Reaction takes place in anode
III. Cu2+ is an oxidising agent.
a)
I & II
b)
I & III
c)
II & III
d)
I only
e)
II only
Correct Answer:
c) I & III
Explanation:
It is one of the half-cell reactions that take place in the Daniel cell. The above half-cell reaction takes
place in cathode. It undergoes a reduction reaction, where Cu2+ acts as an oxidising agent and Cu
acts as a reducing agent.
Question 14
The scale which is based on an empirical relation between the energy of a bond and the electro
negativities of bonded atoms is
a) Pauling scale
b) Mulliken's scale
c) Sanderson's scale
d) Alfred and Rochow's scale
e) Both a and b
Correct Answer:
a) Pauling scale
Explanation:
Pauling scale is based on an empirical relation between the energy of a bond and the
electronegativities of bonded atoms. Mulliken scale of electronegativity is based on ionisation
energy and electron affinity of an atom.
Question 15
Systematic error is also called
a)
Experimental error
b)
Random error
c)
Indeterminate error
d)
Determinate error
e)
None of these.
Correct Answer:
d) Determinate error
Explanation:
Determinate error is also called systematic error. Determinate errors are those, which are known
and controllable errors. Ex: Instrumental errors and personal errors. Indeterminate errors are those,
which are unknown errors. Ex: room temperature. It is also called random errors.
Sample paper 2
Question 1
Calculate the molarity (M), when 580g of NaClis added to 2L of water.
a)
5 M
b)
3 M
c)
2.5 M
d)
80 M
e)
10 M
Correct Answer:
a) 5 M
Explanation:
Molarity (M) = (moles of solute/litres of solution)
Molecular weight of NaCl = 23+35= 58 g/mol
Moles of NaCl = 580/58 = 10 mol
Therefore, Molarity (M) = 10 mol/2 L= 5 M
Question 2
Which of the following gas is the most easily liquefied?
Gas
O
2
N
2
NH
3
CH
4
Van der Waals constant (a) 1.3 1.39 4.17 2.21
a)
O
2
b)
N
2
c)
NH
3
d)
CH
4
e)
Can't be predicted using this value
Correct Answer:
c) NH
3
Explanation:
A gas with the greater ‘a' value will liquefy easily. Here NH3 has greater ‘a' value than the other
gases. Therefore, it will liquefy easily.
Question 3
The coordination number of the Na+ in Rock salt is
a)
4
b)
3
c)
6
d)
8
e)
2
Correct Answer:
c) 6
Explanation:
In Rock salt the coordination number of Na+ is six. Because each Na+ is surrounded by six Cl- ions
and each Cl- is surrounded by six Na+ ions.
Question 4
Choose the property, which depends only on, the amount of solute in a solution.
a)
Osmotic pressure
b)
Temperature
c)
Heat capacity
d)
Melting point
e)
None of the above
Correct Answer:
a) Osmotic pressure
Explanation:
Properties that depend only on the amount of the solute not on their identity are known as
colligative properties. In the above four, osmotic pressure alone depends on the amount of the
solute and the rest of properties are independent of amount of solute.
Question 5
Choose the strongest acid from the following.
a)
HClO
4
b)
HClO
3
c)
HClO
2
d)
HOCl
e)
None of the above
Correct Answer:
a) HClO
4
Explanation:
HClO4 is the strongest acid than the rest of the acids. The acidity is due to the presence of the more
electronegative oxygen. The acid with ore oxygen is the strongest acid and it has the highest
electronegativity. It can easily pull the electrons from the central atom and induces the central atom
to draw the electrons from the hydrogenated oxygen. This weakens the O-H bond and H+ ion leaves
the molecule easily.
Question 6
Which of the following represents a spontaneous reaction if T = +10 k?
a)
ΔH = +10, ΔS = -30
b)
ΔH = +10, ΔS = +30
c)
ΔH = -10, ΔS = +30
d)
ΔH = -10, ΔS = -30
e)
Both b and d
Correct Answer:
e) Both b and d
Explanation:
If the value of enthalpy is negative and the entropy is positive then the reaction is always
spontaneous (ΔH = -10, ΔS = +30). If both enthalpy and entropy are negative (ΔH = -10, ΔS = -30), and
T < ΔH/ ΔS then the reaction is spontaneous at low temperature.
Question 7
Choose the correct phrase(s) that can apply to first order reactions.
I) The overall rate of the reaction is proportional to the concentration of one of the reactants.
II) If the concentration of the reactant is doubled, the rate is doubled.
III) The unit of rate constant for a first order reaction is sec-1 or time-1.
a)
I and III only
b)
I and II only
c)
I only
d)
I, II and III
e)
III only
Correct Answer:
d) I, II and III
Explanation:
Rate of a first order reaction, depends only on one of the reactant's concentrations. When the
concentration of the reactant is increased by ‘n' times, the rate of reaction is also increased by ‘n'
times. The unit of rate constant for the first order reaction is sec-1 or time
-1
.
k
1
= rate/ (a-x) = mol.lit
-1
sec
-1
/ mol.lit
-1
= sec
-1
Question 8
Predict whether the following half-cell reactions are Oxidation or Reduction.
a)
I-Oxidation reaction, II- Reduction reaction
b)
I-Reduction reaction, II- Oxidation reaction
c)
Both I and II are Oxidation reactions
d)
Both I and II are Reduction reactions
e)
None of the above
Correct Answer:
b) I- Reduction reaction, II- Oxidation reaction
Explanation:
Reduction reaction is one in which, an atom or an ion accepts an electron. Oxidation reaction is one
in which, an atom or an ion releases an electron. In the first reaction, Cu2+ ion accepts two
electrons. Therefore, it undergoes reduction. In the second reaction, Cu atom releases two
electrons. Therefore, it undergoes oxidation.
Question 9
Which of the following element has no neutrons in the nucleus?
a)
Helium
b)
Deuterium
c)
Hydrogen
d)
tritium
e)
An alpha particle
Correct Answer:
c) Hydrogen
Explanation:
Hydrogen has only one proton and one electron and no neutron is present. Deuterium has one
proton and one neutron. Tritium has one proton and two neutrons in its nucleus. An alpha particle is
also known as helium atom and it has two neutrons.
Question 10
Binding energy of an atom is
a)
ΔE = mc/λ
b)
ΔE = Δmc
2
c)
ΔE = Δmc
d)
ΔE = m/c
2
e)
ΔE = mc/v
Correct Answer:
ΔE = Δmc
2
Explanation:
The atomic mass of any atom is less than the sum of the protons, neutrons and electrons present in
it. This defect in the mass is measured by the binding energy. Binding energy of an atom can be
calculated using the equation ΔE = Δmc
2
, where ΔE – energy liberated, Δm – loss of mass and c-
speed of light in vacuum.